Deep Black BoxOpen up the black box of AI one problem at a time, with your own hands. 21 problems in all.
Question 20
A column that was never in the table, built by a person
There is no title column in the table. All there is, is the name as a string of text.
We cut the Mr part out and make it a column.
Counting the titles across the 891, there were five of them
Mr = an adult man / Mrs = a married woman / Miss = an unmarried woman /
Master = the title used for a boy at the time (it is not used now). Even for the 177 people whose age is blank, the title is there — and that is what makes the difference.
Mlle and Ms were folded into Miss, and Mme into Mrs (how they get folded is a person’s decision).
The 2 people with a blank port were counted as England.
This is what makes the difference
The 40 Masters (boys) have a survival rate of 0.5750.
Male all the same, yet more than three times the 0.1567 of Mr. “Women and children to the boats first” was the order they were evacuated in, and it is still there in this number.
In Problem 18 you answered died for all 577 male. Of those 577, 109 lived, so you got 577 โ 109 = 468 right.
Look at the table below. The 40 Masters (boys) alone come out 23 lived to 17 died — more of them lived. For those 40 alone, we change the answer to survived. The other 537 stay at died. How many do you now get right?
Press one of the three.
For the 40 Masters alone, the answer went from died to survived.
Where 17 were right, 23 are now right — +6 (468 โ 474). Looking at sex alone, these 40 would have stayed buried among the 577 male.
What to take away
A column that was never in the table can be built by a person.
Cut out the title, which existed only inside the name string, and
the 40 boys that sex alone could not show you come into view. What column to build is decided by you, not by the machine.